his essay’s topic relates to an article written by a history professor titled “We’re in a New Era of Class Warfare. History Points to a Way Out.”She compared and contrasted the early history of unions and the violent conflict with companies and government with four recent acting out characters .
The professor suggested that in the earlier times, anarchists and trade unionists who committed acts of violence did so in the hopes of effecting change and bringing about better conditions for working-class people.
A few of her examples included: 1. Western Pennsylvania Irish miners killed at least 14 mine officials between 1860 and 1870 2. In 1899, Western Federation of Miners used dynamite to destroy company property. The governor of Idaho then imprisoned about a thousand workers in response. In 1905, after the governor left office, a bomb killed him at his home. 3. Pres. William McKinley was assassinated in 1901 by an anarchist who lost his job during an economic crash. 4. Two union members dynamited the offices of The Los Angeles Times, perceived as anti organized labor in 1910.5. There was a assassination attempt against the general manager of the Homestead PA Steel Mill of Carnegie Steel during the Homestead strike of 1892. Andrew Carnegie replaced the factory workers with hired strikebreakers and the town of Homestead rose up in revolt. Public opinion supported a young anarchist who shot and stabbed the general manager but did not kill him.Carnegie wrote that the answer to class rage was for the rich to invest their money in philanthropic projects.
This historian gave a few more examples that included the association between government and companies: 1. In the 1930s, many corporations stockpiled gas equipment and guns to resist rebellion. 2 Ford security forces fired on unemployed workers at the Ford Motor company in 1932 who were participating in a hunger strike 3. Police officers killed strikers on the San Francisco waterfront in 1934, sparking a general strike 4. In Chicago in 1937, a police officer shot and killed 10 prolabor marchers. 5.In the Memorial Day massacre , Ford security guards savagely beat up United Automobile Workers union leaders, including Walter Reuther.
Clearly, these examples depict the power struggle going on between labor and management. The battles were brutal and resulted in killing on both sides. However, anarchists are defined as persons who believe in anarchism, a political philosophy that seeks to remove all forms of government authority and forced social hierarchy.Nowhere in this definition is a mention of murder. One can believe in any number of things but that belief is just a belief and not an action. In other words, one could be an anarchist and be motivated by a number of additional factors not associated with murder.These examples are clearly related to union membership but without support for them being anarchists .
All these violent actions were horrific ,dreadful, lawless , inappropriate and a reminder of the inhumane treatment between Homo sapiens .The government is supposed to enforce laws, keep people safe , and provide services and not kill its citizens .And the work force is supposed to be and do what to ?
The following are recent characters acting out in horrific ways: 1. An arson causing more than $600 million to a Kimberly-Clark warehouse by a man who worked for a distribution company servicing the warehouse.2. An individual threw a Molotov cocktail at the mansion of Open AI Sam Altman . 3. Man charged with the Palisades fire. The jury didn’t reach a verdict that he was motivated by class rage 4.Man that shot the United healthcare chief executive portrayed as an avenger of all those wronged by private health insurance.
These four recent examples are clearly examples of neurotic individuals. Yes, we are in a time of economic inequality, anger,and hate. Two of the four were Involved in arson which presents a very different psychological profile from a broad daylight murder In Manhattan and a person throwing a bomb.Obviously, these four individuals are mentally ill and a societal threat .Perhaps economic discrepancies play a part, but are not the only contributing motivational factors of one’s character structure .
In previous times the history of labor unions versus government and corporate control was riddled with savagery and discrimination between the haves and have-nots. The role of government , politics and oppression should not surprise anyone. The history of this country is associated with discrimination, exploitation , capitalism, control and power.
Our history professor reminds us of the dark times affecting Union development in our Republic. The organizations of labor unions were seeking better pay, benefits, and safe working conditions with their employers. All this seems reasonable. The opposition of companies and our government ( inherent evil of the elite) was based on greed, domination , exploitation , power and profit.” What do we the people “ mean to those companies , the government and acting out characters from a moral point of view ?
The history professor added that the extreme division between the wealthiest and the rest tends to be politically unstable. And ,inequality makes it impossible to sustain the feeling that we are all part of the same political project, so it makes it hard for people to believe that democratic government is possible .Small numbers of people with great fortunes come to exercise disproportionate political power. Also, in highly unequal societies , become ones in which the very rich fear the rest of the world.
The historian also pointed out that the rich are facing threats as more people blame them for economic duress.”Luxury homebuilders are incorporating a vast array of new security features into the mansions they construct from safe rooms to retina scanners to guard towers and moats.”
Personally,I remember overhearing my fathers conversations regarding the difficulty when dealing with management. My union president dad fought over instituting healthcare benefits ,sick time , working conditions etc. I even have a photograph displayed, of my dad , taken in 1939 with Luren Dickenson, governor of Michigan signing into law protection for letter carriers against attacking dogs. Also, in the late 1960’s , I was the administrator overseeing a collective bargaining maritime election, on board a vessel, to determine whether or not they wanted to unionize .
Lawrence Kohlberg’s research described moral development. He found that many adolescents had difficulty proceeding morally by becoming less influenced and other directed (consensus) as to what is perceived as “good” and “right.” In fact , only a minority were able to formulate and be guided by abstract,ethical principles appealing to logical comprehensiveness, universality, reality and consistency. This means that “good” should not be considered only if it's adopted by all other persons . Instead, it’s morally important to have developed consistent ,internalized moral standards . And, an individual doesn’t have to conform because of fear of self-condemnation.
Importantly, Kohlberg’s research found that about 10% of young people over age 16 showed clear principles of formal operational logical thought and that human life or man’s welfare is above financial gain.
Further, briefly authoritarian ethics is based on the belief that what is good for man is determined by the irrational "authority"determining laws and norms of conduct. He knows what’s best,good, and true alone. However, in humanistic ethics, man is both the norm giver , the subject of the norms, their formal source, regulative agency and their subject matter.And, humanitarian ethics is not incompatible with rational authority . It’s with continuous evaluation , scrutiny and criticism .
Morality can be defined as the set of rules that tells us how we ought to treat other people. This means actions like telling the truth, sharing, being kind and helping others are considered good as in the Golden Rule . However, the 10 Commandments identify inappropriate actions like stealing,swearing, lying, adultery and murder. Therefore, from a moral point of view, human life matters more than financial gain- humanistic ethics . Unfortunately, in a capitalistic based economy results in the elite with an authoritarian ethic and associated with greed,power ,status, discrimination , domination , exploitation and immorality .And those elite authoritarians believe obedience and submission are virtues and rebellion is a sin irrespective of causing anxiety,helplessness,misery,inequality and alienation .
Reference
Fromm,Erich. Man For Himself an inquiry into the psychology of ethics.
Kohlberg, L. Moral education in the schools: A developmental view